Core Computer Parts

1. Case – Enclosure that houses and protects computer parts.
2. Case Fans – Improve airflow and cooling inside the case.
3. Motherboard – Main curcuit board that connects all the parts and lets them work and “talk” to each other.
4. CPU (Central Processing Unit) – The “brain” of the computer that follows instructions and makes things run.
5. RAM (Random Access Memory) – Short–term memory used to store data the CPU needs quick access too.
6. GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) – Renders image and video graphics.
7. Storage SSD (Solid State Drive) – Long term storage for the operating system, programs/apps or files.
   • Flash–based (no moving parts)
     • 2.5–inch SATA SSD – Same size as laptop hard drives, connects via SATA cables.
     • M.2 NVMe SSD – Stick–shaped, plugs directly into the motherboard. Much faster than SATA.
8. Power Supply Unit (PSU) – Turns electricity from the wall into power the computer can use.
9. Operating System (OS) – Software that manages hardware and software resources (e.g., macOS, Windows, Linux).

Computer Peripherals

1. Monitor – Displays the visual output from your PC.
2. Keyboard – Input device used to type commands and data.
3. Mouse – Pointing device used for navigation and interaction.
4. Webcam – Lets others see you in video calls or streams.
5. Microphone – Captures your voice so people can hear you.
6. Wi-Fi Adapter – For connecting to the internet
7. Ethernet Cable – For connecting network equipment
8. Ports (USB, HDMI, etc.) – Where you plug in devices.

Software (Programs & Operating Systems)

1. Operating System (OS) – The main software that runs the computer (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux).
2. Application – A program that does something specific (like a game or web browser).
3. Browser – Software used to access the internet (like Chrome or Firefox).
4. File – A saved piece of work, like a document or image.
5. Folder – A place to organize files.
6. Desktop – The main screen you see after logging in.
7. Shortcut – A quick way to open a program or file.
8. Update – A newer version of software that adds features or fixes problems.
9. Install / Uninstall – Add or remove software.
10. Virus / Malware – Harmful software that can damage or mess up your computer.

Networking / Internet

1. Wi-Fi – Wireless connection to the internet.
2. Modem – Connects your home or building to the internet.
3. Router – Sends internet to devices in your home or classroom.
4. IP Address – A computer’s unique address on the internet.
5. Website – A page or group of pages you can visit online.
6. URL / Web Address – The link you type to visit a website.
   • www.example.com/about
     • https:// – The protocol (how your browser talks to the site)
     • www.example.com – The domain name (the name of the website)
     • /about – The specific page or section of the website
7. Download – Getting files from the internet.
8. Upload – Sending files to the internet.
9. Cloud Storage – Saving files online (e.g., Google Drive).
10. Firewall – Protects your computer from unwanted access.